Category: Urban Systems

<strong>Why People With California With Appropriative Water Rights From Before 1914 Have to Apply for a New Permit if They Increase Water Usage</strong>

Why People With California With Appropriative Water Rights From Before 1914 Have to Apply for a New Permit if They Increase Water Usage

Why People With California With Appropriative Water Rights From Before 1914 Have to Apply for a New Permit if They Increase Water Usage 

11/19/22

“Why may people in California have to apply for a new permit if they increase water use from above 1914 levels?”

Before 1914, people could appropriate water uses without a permit. But that year the State passed a law known as The Water Commission Act of 1914 which required people to obtain appropriative water rights through a permit with the State Water Resources and Control Board. People using water before 1914 did not have to get a permit as long as they did not increase their usage. But if they did they would have to file for a permit. This is why Why People With California With Appropriative Water Rights From Before 1914 Have to Apply for a New Permit if They Increase Water Usage.

What Does the State of California Determine to Be Beneficial Uses for Appropriative Water Rights?

What Does the State of California Determine to Be Beneficial Uses for Appropriative Water Rights?

California Appropriative Water Rights Beneficial Uses

11/18/22

“What does the State of California determine to be beneficial uses for appropriative water rights?”

Appropriative water rights in California allow rights-holders to transport state water resources for beneficial uses. The State Water Resources Control Board designates irrigation, municipal, and industrial applications as beneficial uses. This is how California Appropriative Water Rights Beneficial Uses work.

<strong>Pueblo Water Rights</strong>

Pueblo Water Rights

Pueblo Water Rights

11/17/22

“What water rights legal framework did California carry over from its Mexican colonial days?”

Before the United States invaded and annexed California, the territory was under Mexican settler-colonial domain. When California was thrust into the U.S, the Pueblo Water Rights system was carried over. This entitles cities to the right to use all necessary naturally occurring surface and subsurface water from the whole of the watershed of a stream that goes through the pueblo (settler cities set up by the Spanish and Mexican governments). The geography extends to modern-day borders of cities and towns. This system only applies to towns and cities that were founded as pueblos before California became a U.S state and exists in tandem with riparian water rights and appropriative water rights.

<strong>Why Adjacent Riparian Water Right-Holders Have Co-equal Rights</strong>

Why Adjacent Riparian Water Right-Holders Have Co-equal Rights

Why Adjacent Riparian Water Right-Holders Have Co-equal Rights

11/16/22

“Why do adjacent riparian right-holders have co-equal rights?”

Riparian rights allow owners of land adjacent to water to use the resource as they wish (within reasonable limits). But what happens if multiple properties intersect the same body of water? It turns out they would have equal rights since they both have adjacent land! This is Why Adjacent Riparian Water Right-Holders Have Co-equal Rights.

<strong>Appropriative Water Rights</strong>

Appropriative Water Rights

Appropriative Water Rights

11/15/22

“What is the driving force behind most water rights in the Western U.S?”

Water is much more scarce in the Western U.S than in the East. Many times water has to be taken from a source to be applied somewhere far away. This leads to conflict about who gets to divert the water and when. Before 1914, all one had to do was physically divert the water to use it! To regulate this, the U.S has established the concept of Appropriative Water Rights. Here, a potential water diverter has to apply to a state water resource control board to divert the water. The application must include where the water will be used, the time length of diversion, what purpose the water is being used for, and the type and point of diversion. People with older riparian rights trump those with newer ones. 

<strong>Riparian Water Rights</strong>

Riparian Water Rights

Riparian Water Rights

11/14/22

“What is the most common form of water rights in the Eastern U.S?”

The right to use water is always a vexing legal question. In the Eastern United States, the most common approach is Riparian Water Rights. If a landowner holds property adjacent to a body of water, then they are allowed to make reasonable use of it. The right to this water cannot be transferred independently of the land. The rights travel with the land when it is bought and sold.

<strong>Showing People in the Global North That a Lower-Carbon Lifestyle May Be a Better Choice</strong>

Showing People in the Global North That a Lower-Carbon Lifestyle May Be a Better Choice

Showing People in the Global North That a Lower-Carbon Lifestyle May Be a Better Choice

11/13/22

“How can convincing people in the global north that a lower carbon lifestyle is more fulfilling benefit the world?”

Many people in the global north believe that a lower-carbon lifestyle is inherently a worse one. However, many choices that provide benefits such as using public transportation, eating healthier, and watching less television actually lead to a more fulfilling life. If more people in the Global North are convinced of this, then the world’s carbon levels will go down. This is why Showing People in the Global North That a Lower-Carbon Lifestyle May Be a Better Choice.

<strong>Why Is Driving More Dangerous in the First Rain After a Dry Spell</strong>

Why Is Driving More Dangerous in the First Rain After a Dry Spell

Why Is Driving More Dangerous in the First Rain After a Dry Spell

11/08/22

“Why is driving more dangerous in the first rain after a dry spell?”

Cars drip oil onto the road when they run. Over time, these oil spills will build up. When it begins to rain after a long dry spell, the oil will slush away and form a coat. This slippery surface will cause cars to hydroplane and crash. This is Why Driving is More Dangerous in the First Rain After a Dry Spell.

<strong>Climate Variation Within Cities</strong>

Climate Variation Within Cities

Climate Variation Within Cities

11/06/22

“How can climate vary within a city?”

People often think of cities as having a uniform climate. However, some cities are so large or have geographic features that lead to variations of climate within themselves. One example is San Francisco California, where its proximity to the ocean and dozens of hills lead to multiple microclimates throughout the town.