"Wisdom begins in wonder" – Socrates
Category: Engineering
HDPE Pipes
03/28/26
“What material makes durable, flexible, long-lasting pipes?”
Many old pipes have issues with corrosion, leakages, and longevity. High-density polyethylene pipes, or HDPE Pipes, use a type of plastic that makes them durable, flexible, and long-lasting. Consequently, HDPE pipes are extensively used in long-distance transport applications.
Image credit: https://www.piedmontplastics.com/
When to Use The Manning vs. Hazen-Williams Equation
03/27/29
“When do we use the Manning vs Hazen-Williams Equation?”
People use both the Manning and Hazen-Williams equations to calculate water flow. But when is the right time to use each? Well, the Manning Equation is used for open channel or partially full sewers, while the Hazen-Williams Equation is used for full, pressurized circular pipe flow. Keep this information in mind when you think about When to Use The Manning vs. Hazen-Williams Equation.
Plumbing Fixtures
03/25/26
“What do we call household devices that connect to the plumbing system?”
Water to your house on demand is becoming more common around the world. Devices that can attach to the plumbing system are known as Plumbing Fixtures. Example fixtures include bathtubs, showers, toilets, and sinks.
Surface Overflow Rate vs Weir Overflow Rate
03/24/26
“What’s the difference between the surface and weir overflow rate in environmental engineering?”
Environmental engineers often have to contend with surface overflow rates and weir overflow rates. But what do these mean, and how are they different? Well, the surface overflow rate measures the upward flow of water per surface area of a sedimentation tank/clarifier to determine if physical particles will settle out. In contrast, the weir overflow rate measures the flow volume moving along the length of the weir per weir length. The weir overflow rate determines how turbulent the incoming water over a weir is and how that might affect effluent quality. This is the difference between Surface Overflow Rates vs Weir Overflow Rates.
Air Stripping Factor
03/23/26
“How can we quantify the effectiveness of an air stripper at removing contaminants?”
Air stripping towers are a wonder to behold. People will want to select an air stripping tower model based on whatever has the best effectiveness. This is summarized by the Air Stripping Factor, which is proportional to the volumetric air-to-weight ratio multiplied by Henry’s constant. The higher the air stripping factor, the better the tower will perform.
Image credit: https://deltacooling.com/
Activated Carbon
03/22/26
“How can we use extremely dense carbon to filter water?”
Certain materials are good at filtering water. One of them is Activated Carbon. Activated carbon is hyperdense with tiny pores (often over 3,000 square meters per gram), which can adsorb water contaminants on its interior surface. Activated carbon pores will fill up over time and will need to be cleaned out.
Image credit: https://www.thoughtco.com/
Sod
03/21/26
“How can we create landscapes with pre-grown grass?”
People like to create grassed landscapes. However, grass can take time and resources to develop. So what if we could insert pre-made grass? Well, this is the idea behind Sod, rolls of pre-grown grass. Sod contains grass blades and dirt, with the grass’ root base. People can use sid to stabilize disturbed areas and decelerate the flow of rainwater.
Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratio
03/19/26
“What’s the ratio of air-fuel mass in combustion to ensure all ingredients are used?”
Combustion reactions require air and fuel. If the ratio of air to fuel is not perfect, there will be some unspent air or fuel at the end. The ratio where all air and fuel are consumed in the reaction is called the Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratio. The stoichiometric air-fuel ratio produces only carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen.
Air-Fuel Ratio
03/18/26
“What’s so special about the mass of air to fuel in a combustion process?”
Combustion reactions require air and fuel to operate. The quality of the reaction is determined by the ratio of air to fuel mass present, also called the Air-Fuel Ratio. The air-fuel ratio is usually represented by the amount of air compared to fuel. For example, an air-fuel ratio of 8:1 means that for every 8 kg of air, there is 1 kg of fuel.If there is too little air in the ratio, some fuel will not burn. If there’s too much air, then there will not be enough fuel present to burn effectively.
